Equity Loans
If you have equity in your rental property but are not ready to sell yet, or if you’d prefer to pass the property on to your heirs but still need a quick influx of cash, you can always borrow against the property’s equity. This can be a risky move, though, so make sure you know what you’re getting into before you do it.
A major advantage of an equity loan is that it’s not considered income, so you won’t be taxed on it. But you need to pay it back with interest, so proceed cautiously.
You’ll also want to know what will happen to the debt when you die, especially if your goal is to pass the property on to your heirs. A required loan payout on death (like in a reverse mortgage situation) may force your family members to sell the property, which is not what you want.
If you are considering borrowing against your rental property, do so cautiously. It’s critical to fully understand the contract terms, required repayments, interest rate, and what happens to the loan when the property transfers to your heirs. Work with a reputable lending professional you know and trust, or get a referral and triple-check their references.
How Many Properties Do You Need for Retirement?
Let’s tackle the question that keeps many aspiring real estate investors up at night – how many rental properties do you actually need for a comfortable retirement? The answer starts with understanding your target monthly income. Calculate your expected monthly expenses in retirement, then add a 20% buffer for unexpected costs and inflation.
A practical approach is to work backward from your target monthly income. For example, suppose you need $5,000 monthly in retirement income, and each property generates an average of $500 in monthly cash flow after all expenses. In that case, you’d need approximately 10 properties to reach your goal. However, remember that property values and rental rates vary significantly by location.
To calculate potential cash flow, use this simple formula:
Monthly Rent – (Mortgage + Property Taxes + Insurance + Maintenance Reserve + Property Management) = Monthly Cash Flow.
For instance, a property renting for $2,000 monthly might have $1,500 in total expenses, which leaves you with $500 in cash flow. To be conservative in your calculations, factor in vacancy rates of 5-10% annually.
Finding Properties That Actually Earn
I’ve noticed that investors who take their time choosing properties usually come out ahead. Let me share what I’ve learned about picking the right properties for retirement income.
First, you want to look at the neighborhood’s future, not just its present. Is the area growing? Are new businesses moving in? When will these changes occur? These kinds of changes can mean good things for your property values and rental rates down the road. Many investors I know make good money just by spotting these trends early.
As for the property, consider the big-ticket items that can affect your retirement income. How old is the roof? What about the HVAC system? Although these aren’t very exciting questions, they’re important ones. Trust me, the last thing you want is to drain your retirement savings on major repairs when you should enjoy that rental income.
Also, there are other factors you can consider – who are your future tenants likely to be? Are you near a university that ensures a steady stream of renters? Or, maybe you’re in a family neighborhood where tenants tend to stay longer? Knowing this helps you choose properties that will keep bringing in that steady income.
So, take your time, do your homework, and remember that each property is a long-term part of your retirement plan.
Smart Ways to Finance Your Rental Portfolio
I’ve seen investors use several different approaches, and each has its place in your retirement strategy.
Traditional mortgages are what most people think of first, and they’re certainly common for a reason. You’ll typically need to put down 15-25% of the purchase price. While this might seem like a lot of cash upfront, it’s actually a great way to leverage your money to control a more valuable asset.
Another one is the self-directed IRA accounts; they let you use your retirement funds to invest in real estate. It’s a great option if you’ve already built up some retirement savings but want to redirect them into rental properties. Just be careful, though—there are strict rules about using these properties, and you’ll need to work with a qualified custodian.
And then there’s the 1031 exchange – an option I’ve seen many successful investors use. Think of it as trading up your properties without taking a tax hit right away. You can sell one property and buy another of equal or greater value while deferring those capital gains taxes. However, always consult with a tax professional (as I always told my clients) before entering a 1031 exchange, as the rules can be tricky.
What About Reverse Mortgages?
A reverse mortgage works differently than an equity loan. Generally, you borrow against the property’s equity with a reverse mortgage, like a home equity loan. However, unlike a home equity loan, the balance of the reverse mortgage goes up over time instead of down, which is why a payout is required when you die.
You can’t get a reverse mortgage on a rental property, but you could get a reverse mortgage on your own home and use that to purchase a rental property if you’re late to the retirement game and wish you had purchased one when you were younger.
Still, you could probably accomplish the same thing with a home equity loan at a lower interest rate. Be sure to research your options carefully.
It’s important to make sure a rental property is the right investment for you. Before investing, ensure you understand how to calculate your net cash flow from the rental to avoid a bad investment.
Of course, as a CPA, I have to mention tax consequences. They are always there, lurking in the background. Rental properties come with some excellent tax deductions, but when it’s time to sell, be prepared to pay the tax collector. To be perfectly safe, contact tax consultants for changes, as they happen all the time and it can be hard to keep on top of all of them.
Before you get carried away with your real estate investing, read these important lessons and always check with a certified tax professional who knows the ins and outs of real estate investing to ensure you’re getting the most up-to-date tax advice possible. Tax laws change constantly, and you don’t want to be caught off-guard!